这篇文章讲解一些可以在某些语境中替代very的副词。适当的使用可以使得文章表达更加地道,同时起到加分的效果。
这类副词很多都有个特征,即该副词的形容词形式表示事物的程度,如eye-watering/prohibitive/dispropotionate/ususual等。
1 eye-wateringly/prohibitively
描述价格高
这两个词来源于形容词eye-watering/prohibitive,表示过于昂贵的。主要修饰price/cost/expense等词。如:Many aspiring young people are daunted by the eye-watering/prohibitive housing prices in large cities.大城市的高房价打击了很多身怀抱负的年轻人。eye-watering这个词根据字面意思即可记住:价格高得使人“流泪”。prohibitive这个词可以看下其英文释义:prohibitive prices are so high that they prohibit people from buying or doing sth价格/成本高得使人们无法购买某物或做某事。副词eye-wateringly/prohibitively一般修饰high/expensive等表示价格高/昂贵的词,此时就相当于very。1 Child care across the rich world is eye-wateringly expensive.发达国家的幼托高得惊人。2 Industry insiders say British electricity costs are prohibitively high.行业内部人士称,英国的电费过于昂贵。
注:不能说price/cost is expensive,这是典型的Chinglish。只能说price/cost is high.或sth is expensive.2 vanishingly
描述数量少
vanishingly用于修饰small/rare/low等表示数量/程度低的形容词。vanishingly没有形容词形式,不过通过其词根vanish(消失)就很容易记住这个词:小得/少得快要消失了。
1 The chance of a high-school leaver securing a well-paid job is vanishingly small.高中毕业生找到高薪工作的可能性极其小。
2 Modern technology allows access to the internet at vanishingly low cost.当代科技使得上网的成本非常低。
3 disproportionately
单词构成:dis-(否定前缀)+proportion(比例)+-ate(形容词后缀)+-ly(副词后缀)disproportionately可以用来修饰比例/程度等,起到very的作用。disproportionately通常带有程度高得超过预期的意思,有时会带有批判的语气(critical)。
1 There are disproportionately more men in dangerous industries like construction and mining.从事建筑和采矿等危险行业的男性远远更多。2 High-altitude emissions are disproportionately damaging to the environment.高海拔的排放物对环境极具破坏性。3 A disproportionately high income-tax rate will seem obviously unfair.过高的所得税税率很明显不公平。【带有批判的语气】4 worryingly/alarmingly
worrying/alarming表示令人担忧的,带有贬义的性质。变成副词worryingly/alarmingly,可以修饰数值高低或描述某种令人担忧的现象。1 In most of the rich world, the proportion of the unemployed is still alarmingly high.在大多数发达国家,失业人口比例依然高得惊人。2 Drink-driving is alarmingly common in South Africa.酒驾在南非非常常见。
3 Extreme philanthrophy is the upside of a worryingly unequal distribution of wealth.极端慈善是过度不平等的财富分配所带来的好处。
5 unusually/surprisingly
这两个词大家比较熟悉,表示异常地;惊人地。与上面一组词不同的是,unusually/surprisingly偏向于中性,可以形容好的事物,也可以形容不好的事物,使用范围很广。1 The Greenland ice sheet is melting unusually fast.格陵兰岛的冰盖融化得异常迅速。2 America's personal-saving rate is unusually high.美国的个人储蓄率非常高。3 Yoga seems to be a surprisingly useful exercise.瑜伽似乎是一项非常有用的运动。